Solomon, Consumer Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Solomon, Consumer Behaviour Essay When we say personality, actually everyone can understand what it is meant to be but actually it is hard to define a formal description of â€Å"Personality†. One answer can lie in the concept of personality, which refeers to a person’s unique psychological make up and how it concsistently influences the ay a person’s responds to his/her environment. From now on when we say â€Å"Personality†, we mean all of the distinctive, consistent and structured relations between an individual ‘s inner and outer environment. Personality is also be described as â€Å" the particular combination of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral response patterns of an individual† Some psychologists may argue that the concept of personality may not be valid. Many studies find that people do not seem to exhibit stable personalities. Because people do not necessarily behave the same way in all situations, they argue that this is merely a convenient way to categorize people. It’s a bit hard to accept because we tend to see others in a limited range of situations and so they do appear to act consistently. Marketing strategies often include some aspect of personality. These dimensions are usually considered in conjunction with a person’s choice of leisure activities, political beliefs, aesthetic tastes, and other personal factors that help us to understand consumer lifestyle. Freudian Theories: Who is Sigmund Freud? Sigmund, born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis. An early neurological researcher into cerebral palsy, aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomy, Freud later developed theories about the unconscious mind and the mechanism of repression, and established the field of verbal psychotherapy by creating psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient (or analysand) and a psychoanalyst. Psychoanalysis has in turn helped inspire the development of many other forms of psychotherapy, some diverging from Freuds original ideas and approach. Sigmund Freud proposed the idea that much of one’s adult personality stems from a fundamental conflict between a person’s desire to gratify his/her physical needs and the necessity to function as a responsible member of society. The id seeks out immediate gratification. The superego is the counterweight to the id. It is a person’s conscience. The ego is the system that mediates between the two. It tries to find ways to gratify the id that are acceptable to society. This is called the Pleasure Principle. Id† is selfish and illogical. It is the â€Å"Party Animal† of the mind. It’s about immidiate gratification. Id operates according to the pleasure principle which our basic desire to maximize pleasure and avoid pain guides our behaviour. Id directs a person’s physical energy toward pleasurable acts without regard for any consequences. â€Å"Superego† is the counterweight to the id. The superego is essentially the person’s consicience. The superego internalizes society’s rules and tries to prevent the id from seeking selfish gratification. Ego† mediates between the id and superego, it acts as a refree in the fight between temptation and virtue. The ego tries to balance these opposing forces according to the reality principle which means it finds way to gratify the id that the outside world will find acceptable. These conflicts occur on an unconcious level , so the person is not necessarily awere of the underlying reasons for his/her behaviour. Freud’s ideas highlights the potential importance of unconscious motives that guide our purchases. Consumer researchers have adapted some of Freud’s ideas. Consumers cannot necessarily tell us their true motivation when they choose products, even if we can devise a sensitive way to ask them directly. The Freudian perspective also raises the possibility that the ego relies on the symbolism in products to compromise between the demands of the id and the prohibitions of the superego. The person channels her unacceptable desire into acceptable outlets when she uses products that signify these underlying desires. This is the connection between product symbolism and motivation: The product stands for, or represents, a consumer’s true goal, which is socially unacceptable or unattainable. By acquiring the product, the person vicariously experiences the forbidden fruit. Phallic Symbols: are male-oriented symbolism that appeals to women. According to Freud’s idea the use of some objects that resemmble sex organs. For example: Cigars, trees, swords, buttons,trains and cars are look alike male sex organs. In addition to those mentioned, tunnels and button holes are symbolysed as female sex organs. Most Freudian applications in marketing relate to a product’s supposed sexual symbolism. For example owning a sports car for a man going through a mid-life crysis is a substitute for sexual gratification. Motivational Research: Motivational research borrowed Freudian ideas to understand the deeper meanings of products and advertisements. The approach assumed that we channel socially unacceptable needs into acceptable outlets including product substitutes. Motivational Research relies on depth interviews with individual consumers instead of asking many consumers a few general questions about product usage. Motivational Researcher probes deeply into each respondents’ purchase motivations. It might take several hours and the respondent can not immediately articulate his/her latent or underlying motives. The researcher can reach these only after extensive questioning and interpretation. Ernst Diechter was a psychoanalyst who trained with Freud’s disciples in Vienna. Dichter conducted in-depth interview studies on more than 230 products. There are both appeals and criticism associated with motivational research.

Macbeth - Downfall Of Lady Macbeth :: essays research papers

What do you think brought about the downfall of Lady Macbeth? There were several aspects of Shakespeare’s novel ‘Macbeth’ that led to the downfall of Lady Macbeth. The mentality of Lady Macbeth in the play changes dramatically from the wife a Noble General, to an evil aggressive murderer (brought upon by the witches predictions), and finally a woman who had de-graded to such an extent that she took her own life. We are not told an awful amount about Lady Macbeth at the start of the play [prior to her letter from Macbeth about the witches prophecies I.iv], but I thought that Lady Macbeth seemed: as good of a wife as any nobleman’s or officer’s. We see how a vigorous Lady Macbeth; initially in association with the witches’ predictions, at-tempts to mirror their disturbance of gender in psychological terms by desiring to "unsex" herself in order to carry out such a powerful action [murder], otherwise, being impossible for a woman to carry out (no offence or sexism is intended when I state this). Lady Macbeth continues to be a frightening and vicious figure as she becomes full of evil thoughts. This is evident by the context in which she states that she would sacrifice the life of her own infant, if it were her wish or order to do so: "†¦Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn As you have done this†¦" [I.vii.57-59]. So enraged and overpowered by evil, that her purity and innocence (which is part of a woman) had all but depleted, and consequently she also lost her will to control herself and her sanity (sanity-later on in the deterioration of Lady Macbeth's character). She came to a point where evil pushed her to certain lengths such as committing the heinous act of regicide; killing her loyal and innocent king, king Duncan. At one stage I believed that it was as if she was given the supernatural strength of a warrior or a Knight to commit such an act. Her feminisms had all but been ripped out, being replaced with a heart of stone. She could only have acquired such forces when she wished for them [via evil forces]: "Come, you Spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me, from the crown (crown-she already pic-tures herself with a crown alofted on her royal

Tensile Hair Strengh

Once the hair had been rated or not it was then carefully placed in a sticky note to be wrapped up, making sure not to twist or bend the hair. Weights were then hung of the hair to test the strength of each, once snapped the amount they could hold was recorded. Null hypothesis: Hypothesis: There is a significant positive correlation between the strength of hair that has been heated and the strength of hair once it has been conditioned. Research: Human hair is a natural fiber that is made up largely of a protein called keratin, 80% of hair is formed by this protein.Keratin contains a high concentration of sulfur which is produced from the amino acid Sistine. Rationale: Many women and some men are obsessed with hair care routines and mirroring sleek shiny hair styles like celebrities. The fixation with malignantly shiny hair and being able to alternate between styles has had a massive effect on the cosmetic Industry. With a number of people using straightness, curling Irons or hairdrye rs dally many cosmetic companies such as Tiresome and Pentane have benefited from creating products that help create this look and malting healthy hair.Although the companies claim that these products work this Investigation will look Into whether or to the products actually help maintain strong healthy hair or if once the hair has Variables: Independent variables: * If the hair is treated with conditioner or not – controlled by making sure to separate the treated group from the untreated group and not containment. Dependent variables: * The size of weight – controlled by using the same size weights each time (each weight was log) and making leg weights to make it more precise. To make the leg weights they were measured on a scale that was accurate to 0. 1 g Control variables: * Amount of time in oven – controlled by using a stopwatch to be sure that the hair as heated for a precise amount of time * Amount of time in conditioner – controlled by using a ti mer, didn't want one strand of hair receiving longer time in treatment than others as may cause an anomaly if one hair was stronger than the other * The person who's hair was used – controlled by using the hair from the same person, also making sure the hair hadn't come to any previous damage from dying the hair or daily usage of heat appliances.Preliminary work: For the preliminary investigation I started by gathering my samples of hair from the bottom of the scalp at the very back of the hair. The hair had been washed the night before to ensure that any dirt or hair oil had been washed out, however conditioner had not been used. Once the hair had been removed I measured each length along a ruler to make sure each was the same length, each piece of hair was then cut to CACM long. To make sure my results were more reliable the hair was also cut from the bottom of the strand so that all the hair was the same and because the bottom of the hair was already weak this was cut off. In total I had 20 pieces of hair each cut to CACM. Once this process was complete I divided the hair into two groups . Hair that would be heated – this was marked by a section of the paper it was laid out on having an orange mark. Paper it was laid out on having a red mark. After being divided into the two different groups I heated both groups with hair straightness (GAD). The ceramic plates heat up to 204. 4 degrees Celsius, although the straightness get extremely hot I realized there was room for human error.The length of time that the straightness spent on the strand of hair could differ between each length and on each section of the hair due to the time that the straightened was pulled along. Due to there being a high percentage of human error I used a different technique to heat up the hair to eradicate it. Instead of heating the hair with straightness I decided the best way to get the same heat across the whole length of hair and all the strands of hair was to heat them in the oven.I set the oven temperature to 205 degrees Just slightly higher than the God's, once the oven was heated to the temperature set I quickly put the strands of hair into the oven trying to decrease the time the oven door was open and so decreasing the amount of heat that the oven lost. After timing the hair in the oven for 2 minutes I took the hair out and started to test the strength of the hair against results I had taken previously from hair that hadn't been heated to make sure that there was some change when heated. The results hadn't changed much and so I decided to heat the hair for five minutes.Once the hair was heated for five minutes I divided the two groups. Once separated into two groups the hair was laid on separate pieces of paper each color coded to ensure I didn't mix the ones that would be treated and the ones that wouldn't. I then kook all the strands from group two and using my fingers coated them in conditioner. Improvements: The advantage of doing a prel iminary test enabled me to assess any errors that could implement the final results and also to check if the methodology I was using would be suitable for this investigation.The hair had originally been heated by using hair straightens however there was considerable room for human error due to how long each strand of hair was in contact with the irons. The improvements made on heating the hair was to heat them collectively in the oven, the time they were kept in he oven was also tested during the preliminary to ensure they received the same amount of heat as a strand of hair would when being treated with a heat appliance.

Country and Jazz - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1036 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category Music Essay Level High school Tags: Jazz Essay Did you like this example? Although Jazz and Country Music originated in America around the same era, Jazz differs from Country Music in several ways. Their styles, genres, musicians, and current audience are a few of the major differences. The origins of Country Music can be found in recordings that Southern Appalachian fiddle players made in the late 1910s near the Tennessee-Virginia border. Many of these fiddle tunes came over from the British Isles around the 1700s. It wasnt until the early 1920s, however, that Country Music was a familiar genre. The first commercial recording of Country Music was Sallie Gooden by fiddlist Eck Robertson in 1922 (History of Country Music). Most historians point to 1927, however, as the birth of Country Music because of a man named Jimmie Rodgers. Rodgers is known as the Father of Country Music. He is credited with the first million-selling single, Blue Yodel #1, and his series of songs. All of which was recorded between 1927 and 1933, establishing him as the first dominant voice in Country Music (Jimmie Rodgerss Biography). Rodgers was later inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1961. Many other Country musicians old and new have had quite an impact to Country Music like Jo hnny Cash, Hank Williams, Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, and so many others. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Country and Jazz" essay for you Create order In contrast to Country, Jazz Music was born in New Orleans, Louisiana during the early 1900s, however, its roots can be found in both African and European musical traditions. New Orleans around the turn of the 20th century was a place filled of cultural and ethnic diversity. As a result, musicians were exposed to an assortment of music styles and sounds. It was a meeting, mixing, and merging of many cultures, several emotions, and many skills. Some historians point to Buddy Bolden as the key developmental figure of New Orleans style Jazz. As well, many early jazz musicians credited Bolden and his bandmates with having originated what came to be known as Jazz. Although the term was not common musical use until after the era of Bolden. No one in the band could read sheet music so all compositions played were either copied from other bands or created on the spot, helping to generate the spontaneous improvisation that would become a hallmark of jazz (Buddy Bolden). Unlike Rodgers, Bolden was not well recognized. Many other Jazz musicians, like Country, have had quite an impact on the development of Jazz like Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, Billie Holiday, to name just a few. The musical styles of early Country Music were similar to their British ancestors. The lyrics, on the other hand, were completely different. The Americans preferred practical issues such as real-world experiences (ranching, logging, mining, railroads) and real-world tragedies (bank robberies, natural disasters, murders, train accidents) (History of Country Music). I personally like Johnny Cash on occasion and Jimmie Rodgers reminds me a lot of Cash. Rodgerss music is similar to the type of music where the lyrics are almost talked rather than sung, with little instruments used, and the lyrics are about something the singer relates to personally. Rodgerss music was actually influenced by the blues music styling, similarly, some Jazz music genres were too. His hit Blue Yodel #1 captures a part of his life as a young man working as a railway brakeman and traveling musician (YouTube, Waiting for a Train). Some of Rodgerss most popular songs were actually versions of blues classics. Similar to Country, Jazz has had many periods and genres from the 1900s until present. Early development, during the 1920s, is considered The Jazz age. Throughout this period, Jazz Music was called New Orleans or Dixieland Jazz. Developed in New Orleans and later spread to Chicago and New York. Very popular in its time, it combined elements of the blues, ragtime and brass band marching beats, whilst different instruments, such as the trumpet, trombone and clarinet improvised intricate patterns around the melodies. However, the famous musician Louis Armstrong had a changing influence on the sound of Jazz. He was such a brilliant trumpet player that he was allowed to play solos and became Jazzs first great soloist. He is known for songs like Star Dust, La Vie En Rose and What a Wonderful World (YouTube, What a Wonderful World). Country-Pop is perhaps the most listened to today as far as Country Music goes. It is a blend of Country and Pop music and is the sound of many modern artists such as Thomas Rhett, Luke Bryan, Florida Georgia Line, Carrie Underwood, and many others. This genre first appeared in Nashville during the 1960s. Jim Reeves was one of the first successful Country-Pop musicians. He scored his greatest success with Hell Have to Go a hit on both the popular and Country Music charts (Jim Reeves). Most Country-Pop songs include musical sounds from guitars both electric and acoustic, bass, drums, and vocals. There have been many different genres of Country between the 1920s and present. Including Bakersfield Sound, Texas Country, Red Dirt, Western Swing, Bluegrass, Rockabilly, and country-rap to name a few. As far as today, nearly all styles of Jazz are still active including Dixieland, classic Jazz, bop, hard bop, post-bop, the avant-garde and various forms of fusion. The popularity of Jazz has definitely slowed down though. While old and modern Country has stayed rather on top as a popular genre of music as a whole, Jazz not so much. In my opinion Jazz has had a harder time reaching the newer generations. Mostly affected by Jazz stereotypes and cultural ideals. Unlike Country Music, I cant vouch for what genre of Jazz is most listened to today. Furthermore, I can say that Jazz seems to have held onto its music roots. On the other hand, Country is distinctly different today than it was in the early 1900s. Jazz today is still popular but mainly for older folks and cultural ideal breaking individuals. Country and Jazz Music have many similarities and differences. They may have different audiences, styles, and genres, however, their similarities such as era, country of origin, and inspirations tie them together. Sources Jim Reeves https://countrymusichalloffame.org/Inductees/InducteeDetail/jim-reeves Instruments in Country Music: https://countrymusichalloffame.org/education/instruments-in-country-music#.W-8ScC-ZPBI History of Country Music: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-country-music-934030

Courage Under Fire Essay - 1956 Words

Courage Under Fire In 1991, millions of people tuned in to CNN to observe a real life and death drama played out in the cities and deserts of Iraq. For the United States, the war was more or less a display of power and a preservation of economic interest. Nobody was to ever hear of the mishaps and foul-ups of the war. In many eyes the war was seen as a chance to boost American spirit and make the government look empowered. Director Edward Zwick and writer Patrick Shane Duncan snatched onto this notion and expounded on it in their movie Courage Under Fire. Through its superb acting, successful plot, structure, and filming perfection, the movie becomes a powerful and brilliant examination of the consequences of guilt and†¦show more content†¦All that the government wants is a media showing. For them, the president handing the Medal of Honor to the Captains daughter, wouldnt leave a dry eye in the place.; Serling knows that this is all for show and commits himself to finding out the truth. I real ly loved this part of the movie. Zwick does such a great job of making the Government look pathetic by showing some of its underlying intentions in this war. This is what brings us away from the normality of most war films and places this movie into its own little subcategory. The movie was meant to be different and it succeeded in that endeavor. It really was one of the strengths of this film. Instead of conducting a cursory investigation, Lieutenant Serling finds himself unavoidably drawn into Waldens crews conflicting stories. Each crew member seems to give a different interpretation regarding the events that took place during the rescue mission that lead to the captains death. Serling begins to suspect a cover up and decides that he must delve deeper into this investigation. Throughout the movie, we learn of Waldens heroism from numerous flashbacks of the same incident. Crewmembers including Monfriez (Lou Diamond Phillips) and Illario (Matt Damon), each give conflicting details in their reports. The flashbacks each depict Walden differently and we, as the viewers, are supposed to figure out who the real Captain Walden is. The film turns into a fascinating mystery mixed with theShow MoreRelatedCourage Definition Of Courage1563 Words   |  7 PagesCourage is a cornerstone of wartime leadership. Throughout history, Courage has been the defining virtue of the warrior and for good cause. Warriors face frightening and dangerous situations; and the wartime leader must lead these warriors from the front by displaying the courage they expect to see in their men. Without courage, a leader cannot lead from the front nor do the right thing during unfavorable times. Merriam Webster’s Dictionary defines Courage as, â€Å"mental or moral strength to ventureRead MoreFire And Water : Facing Your Fears And Crossing Your Boundaries1427 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander Lattin Mrs. Lee English 10 3 March 2014 Fire and water: Facing your Fears and Crossing your Boundaries â€Å"You gain strength confidence and courage by every experience in which you stop and really take the time to stop and look fear in the face† (Eleanor Roosevelt) Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, and The Truman Show both present the trials but the overall triumphs of Truman and Montag and their journeys to victory. While exploring and pondering upon the text, Fahrenheit 451, by Ray BradburyRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Btw Realism and Naturalism in the Red Badge of Courage and to Build a Fire1644 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences reveal in the story â€Å"To build the fire,† by naturalism writer Jack London, and â€Å"The red badge of Courage† by Stephen Crane who wrote Realism literature. 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Caloric Calorie Free Fat Calorie Content - 1446 Words

Looking for items such as calorie free or reduced calorie content may be slightly healthier than purchasing items with full calorie content. Due to the requirement of what is said to be a 25 percent difference. This could be beneficial in the reduction of single individuals daily caloric intake amount. Now, why is it that calories are going to be listed on all food and beverage products? Is caloric intake the most important aspect or concern of what Americans are putting into their bodies? There was a strategy made by, The Department of Health and Human Services, that â€Å"In 2004 FDA s Obesity Working Group (OWG) developed an action plan to address the overweight/obesity problem within the scope of FDA s regulatory authorities. The OWG†¦show more content†¦Commenting on this study, as we can see trials are already beginning to take place. In order to test out different theories on whether or not calorie display information or value pricing was affecting the selection proc ess of menu items. Price may not be the number one determining factor whether or not a product is purchased but rather the calorie amount it possesses. More so than not, FDA is simply trying to help the nation by providing us with useful and health conscious information. It is really up to us whether or not we want to ignore what they have provided or at least take calorie counting into consideration. Not necessarily saying that every American out there should or needs to calorie count. However, as individuals and as a nation known for having an obesity problem it maybe the right time to stop and consider that the FDA calorie labeling may not be such a downer after all. In the long run it may even lead to a type of uprising for this nations health. For what this nation needs is to stand on our own two feet

Price Volatility and Market Efficiency †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Price Volatility and Market Efficiency. Answer: Introduction: From the overall evaluation of the spreadsheet, it could be understood that the NPV of the new project designed by Riverlea is relatively adequate. From the valuation it could be understood that the company's overall value will mainly increase by 86,942.60, as this is the NPV, which will we obtained by the company. However, the additional cash inflow that will be obtained by the company after incorporating the new project is 333,000 every year. This additional amount could eventually help the company obtain higher revenue and increase its value in future Management. This cash flow has been obtained by deducting all the cash outflows from the inflows provided by the new project (Baum and Crosby 2014).Calculation also, dates all the relevant reductions in revenue, which is obtained due to the commencement of the overall new project. The initial investment and cash inflows are relatively adequate as it might provide the company with relevant funds to support its future endeavours. Almar ri and Blackwell (2014) mentioned that derivation of NPV valuation mainly allows companies to adequate make decision regarding viability of a set investment opportunity. Particulars Value Beta 1.2 ASX200 15% 90-day bill 4.50% CAPM Rf + Beta*(Rm-Rf) CAPM 4.50% + 1.2 * (15%-4.5%) CAPM 17.10% Table 1: Depicting the expected returns of the company (Source: As created by the author) The overall NPV is mainly calculated by deriving the expected returns of the company, which is mainly at 17.10%. This expected return is mainly helpful in deriving the overall NPV of the project, as all the relevant future cash flows will be discounted. This discounting could eventually help in identifying the overall viability of the project. Eliasson and Brjesson (2014) stated that use of NPV allows companies to accommodate time value of money, which is essential to accommodate inflation. Optimistic Normal Pessimistic Optimistic - Pessimistic Probability 20% 100% 30% NPV 233,073.03 86,942.90 (59,187.23) Sensitivity 46,614.61 86,942.90 (17,756.17) 64,370.78 Table 2: Depicting the NPV of the project and sensitivity analysis (Source: As created by the author) The table 2 also states the overall sensitivity of the project, which might hamper the relative income that is being portrayed from the new investment. According to the overall probability of 30%, 20% of income might be lower from the sixth year. This decline in revenue could eventually reduce the overall NPV value and portray a loss of 17,756.17. However, with the probability of 20%, relative income might increase by 20% making the overall NPV to 233,073.03, which could eventually help in improving the return from investment. The company's over optimistic views could be achieved according to the circumstances that come during the investment. The rate of decline in revenue could also lead to decline and cost, which in turn might help in supporting the future NPV. Dyson and Berry (2014) stated that use of sensitivity analysis allows companies to evaluate two different scenarios, which could happen during the commencement of the business. Gotze, Northcott and Schuster (2015) argued tha t without relevant information and research investments should not be considered, as it might increase risk and reduce the overall capital investment. From the overall evaluation of the new project, it is advisable to CEO for commencing Management the new project, as it might help in increasing revenue of the company. All the relevant information regarding cash inflows is effectively represented within the confinements of the spreadsheet. The overall project is providing a positive view of the investments, which could eventually help in increasing the overall value of the firm (Lakew and Rao 2015). This could eventually increase the overall return and firm value of the company in your future. Lastly, it could be understood that supply of private label confectionery to Wowcoles could eventually help the company in attain higher income in future. This could eventually help in improving share price of the company after the overall announcement of the new revenue stream. Thus, it is advisable to the CEO to adopt the investment proposal and increase return from investment (Guerra, Magni and Stefanini 2014). Discussing the price behaviour of Riverlea before, during and after the announcement: The above figure mainly depicts the overall price change, which is witnessed before and after the announcement. Relative search from the previous day of announcement could be witnessed this search mainly represents the total return of 79.63% on the day of announcement. However, relative increment before the announcement date could be seen, which depicts expectation of investors regarding some news. In addition, the price movement after the announcement date mainly declined and provided the negative return (Seng, Wu and Yang 2016). Furthermore, down the line from two to three days the price movement has not rusted adequately however it has rapidly declined from the announcement date.This decline in value could be witnessed after the announcement date until day 5. This decline in Share price mainly depicts the relevant impact of Semi strong form of market efficiency, which increases the chance of mispricing opportunities. According to the new investment opportunity, the company is over revenue growth will only group by 86,942.90, whereas any change in revenue could decrease viability of the investment. This information could not have adequately increased the share price that exponentially, which was witnessed in announcement date. Adam, Marcet and Nicolini (2016) argued that due to market sentiment huge price fluctuations could be seen and inflammatory value of the stocks could be witnessed. Relative trading strategies could be developed for contemplating pricing opportunity, which is different from the announcement. After evaluating the new project, trading strategy could be adopted where the high-obtained share price obtained in the announcement date might be shorted for next 5 to 10 days in the anticipation of declining share price. The market is currently at semi strong variation where adequate news is not travelling to the investor and stocks is not adequately being discounted according to the news (Lee, Stevenson and Lee 2014). This semi strong variation of market efficiency is mainly opening shorting opportunity, which could be utilised by the investor to have diminutive gains. Reference: Adam, K., Marcet, A. and Nicolini, J.P., 2016. Stock market volatility and learning.The Journal of Finance,71(1), pp.33-82. Almarri, K. and Blackwell, P., 2014. Improving risk sharing and investment appraisal for PPP procurement success in large green projects.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,119, pp.847-856. Baum, A.E. and Crosby, N., 2014.Property investment appraisal. John Wiley Sons. Dyson, R.G. and Berry, R.H., 2014. Capital investment appraisal.Developments in Operational Research: Frontiers of Operational Research and Applied Systems Analysis, p.59. Eliasson, J. and Brjesson, M., 2014. On timetable assumptions in railway investment appraisal.Transport Policy,36, pp.118-126. Gtze, U., Northcott, D. and Schuster, P., 2015. Selected Further Applications of Investment Appraisal Methods. InInvestment Appraisal(pp. 105-159). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Guerra, M.L., Magni, C.A. and Stefanini, L., 2014. Interval and fuzzy average internal rate of return for investment appraisal.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,257, pp.217-241. Lakew, D.M. and Rao, D.P., 2015. Financial Appraisal of Long Term Investment Projects: Evidence from Ethiopia.Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management,5(2), pp.1-16. Lee, C.L., Stevenson, S. and Lee, M.L., 2014. Futures trading, spot price volatility and market efficiency: evidence from European real estate securities futures.The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics,48(2), pp.299-322. Seng, J.L., Wu, Y.H. and Yang, H.F., 2016. Conference Calls News Analysis and Stock Price Volatility. 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